A Survey of Email Spam Filtering Methods

E-mail is one of the most secure medium for online communication and transferring data or messages through the web. An overgrowing increase in popularity, the number of unsolicited data has also increased rapidly. To filtering data, different approaches exist which automatically detect and remove these untenable messages. There are several numbers of email spam filtering technique such as Knowledge-based technique, Clustering techniques, Learning based technique, Heuristic processes and so on. This paper illustrates a survey of different existing email spam filtering system regarding Machine Learning Technique (MLT) such as Naive Bayes, SVM, K-Nearest Neighbor, Bayes Additive Regression, KNN Tree, and rules. However, here we present the classification, evaluation and comparison of different email spam filtering system Keywords: e-mail spam, spam filtering methods, machine learning technique, classification, SVM, AN

Escitalopram induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in elderly: an interesting scenario

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the first line drugs used in the treatment of endogenous depression. Though clinically well tolerated in elderly, hyponatremia is one of the recognized side effects and its pathophysiology may be linked to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). This side effect of SSRIs is a serious one since it can cause death also, if not diagnosed at the onset.  This is an interesting case of an elderly patient who developed hyponatremia which further related to SIADH induced by escitalopram, an SSRI.  The patient had symptomatic improvement in depression within one month but symptoms of hyponatremia appeared and then deteriorated again. Severe hyponatremia, serum hypo-osmolality, urine osmolality, and measurable levels of plasma antidiuretic hormone suggested SIADH. The hyponatremia improved after stoppage of the offending drug along with conservative medical therapy in hospital.  Clinicians should be aware of this uncommon but significant side effect of escitalopram and monitor high-risk patients for the development of SIADH

Analysis of employability skills for civil engineers in New Zealand

Background The transition from university to a career in civil engineering is a challenging process. This study examined the perceptions of engineering graduates regarding the difficulties they encountered in their transition from the university to the workplace. Recent practising graduates were surveyed to identify their current employment situation and their attitudes toward their academic preparation. Factor analysis revealed three main challenges facing engineering graduates: communication; responsibility; self-confidence. Seventeen interviews were conducted to gather information on ways to facilitate this transition. Also this paper discusses employer expectations & required employability skills in potential engineers. It does it through presenting research in which over 20 employers in Auckland were asked to record their perceptions of graduates in respect of their employability. The findings suggest that employers nowadays place emphasis on soft skills and give emphasis to a set of generic skills such as communication skills, problem solving and interpersonal skills. Purpose Employability upon graduation is a major priority for most engineering students. New engineering graduates these days are confronted with more challenges and competition in getting employed when compared to graduates of the past. Therefore, the excellent academic degrees alone are inadequate as employers require potential engineers to possess “competencies and capabilities” in generic skill. The objectives of this paper are: firstly, to examine the various engineering employability skills that have been identified after several interviews. Secondly, to collect feedback on whether graduates were employed in their career of choice or in relatively unskilled positions. Approach A literature survey along with primary data collection using a survey and interviews was undertaken. The researchers undertook exploratory research work and using two questionnaires to collect the primary data; one of them was for employees to know their perception towards employability skills and the other was to identify graduates transition challenges. The findings were analysed to come up with a synthesized framework. Anticipated outcome It is anticipated that this study will assist in developing a framework that will give both the employer, and prospective graduates the skill supply and skill requirement needed by industry, and thereby identify gaps. Ideally then these gaps that need to be addressed by the tertiary institutes prior to graduation. Conclusion Findings presented in this report will suggest. challenges to make engineering an attractive occupation in New Zealand Framework that could be used by the engineering sector in its future engagements with the education sector To inform strategic and workforce planning

Composition- dependent dynamical structures or binary mixtures of mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol with some polar solvents determined by microwave dielectric relaxation measurements

891-896The formation of H-bond heterogeneous structures and their dynamics in the binary mixtures of the homologous series of mono alkyl ethers of ethylene glycol with glycerol (Gly), Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) have been investigated from dielectric constant and microwave dielectric relaxation measurements at 25oC using Time Domain Reflectometry technique. The concentration dependent values of dielectric constant ant and relaxation time of ethers-Gly mixtures indicate a strong H-bond heterogeneous interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the molecules, and these interactions significantly facilitate the molecular dynamics in the binary mixture, as compared to the dynamics of pure Gly molecules. The dielectric relaxation values of ethers-DMSO and ethers-DMFalso confirm the complex formation in these systems over the entire concentration range. Further, the effect of moleculer size of the ether molecules on the nature of heterogeneous interaction with different polar solvents and hindrance to the molecular dynamics in the binary mixtures has been recognised from the comparative values of measured dielectric parameters

Knowledge and Practice of hand hygiene among health care professionals at a Tertiary Hospital

Introduction:Health care associated infections (HAIs) affect millions of patients worldwide annually. Hand hygiene (HH) has been identified as an important factor preventing HAIs. Although the prevalence of health care associated infections is high in Asia, but studies regarding hand hygiene is very less here; especially  nursing and medical student’s knowledge of standard precautions is rarely studied This study was done to determine knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among healthcare professionals in a tertiary hospital. Material and Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 health care professionals (78 doctors, 50 nurses and 10 professors)  in a tertiary care hospital in India. Knowledge was assessed using WHO hand hygiene questionnaire and  practices were evaluated by using another self-structured questionnaire.Result:This study showed that majority ( 69% ) of the participants had only moderate knowledge and practice of Hand Hygiene. A meagre (25 % ) of the participants had good knowledge and practice of Hand Hygiene. And minority ( 6 %) of the participants had poor knowledge and practice of Hand Hygiene. Conclusion:This study showed that there is a need for frequent Hand Hygiene training programs to address the gaps in knowledge and practice and improve the level of Hand Hygiene compliance and enhancing patient safety

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Early detection of multidrug resistant (MDR) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Mycobacterium tuberculosis </i>in a single tube with in-house designed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes using real-time PCR</span>

229-236<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:hi"="" lang="EN-GB">Rapid and correct diagnosis is crucial for the management of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The present study aims at rapid diagnosis for identification of multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) using real-time PCR. FRET hybridization probes targeting most prominent four selected codons for rpoB526 and 531 and for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">katG314 and 315 genes were designed and evaluated on 143 clinical MTB isolates and paired sputa for rapid detection of MDR-TB. The results of real-time PCR were compared with gold standard L-J proportion method and further validated by DNA sequencing. Of the 143 MTB positive cultures, 85 and 58 isolates were found to be ‘MDR’ and ‘pan susceptible’, respectively by proportion L-J method. The sensitivity of real-time PCR for the detection of rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) were 85.88 and 94.11%, respectively, and the specificity of method was found to be 98.27%. DNA sequencing of 31 MTB isolates having distinct melting temperature (Tm) as compared to the standard drug susceptible H37Rv strain showed 100% concordance with real-time PCR results. DNA sequencing revealed the mutations at Ser531Leu, His526Asp of rpoB gene and Ser315Thr, Thr314Pro of katG gene in RIF and INH resistance cases. This real-time PCR assay that targets limited number of loci in a selected range ensures direct and rapid detection of MDR-TB in Indian settings. However, future studies for revalidation as well as refinement are required to break the limitations of MDR-TB detection.</span